Putting FACES on the Data by Lyn Sharratt and Michael Fullan, 2012, Corwin Publishers
Research Question 1: Why do we put FACES on the data?o Driver: All students can learn and have the right to learn
o Clustered parameters: (1) Shared beliefs and understandings (all students can learn; all teachers can teach; early intervention and high expectations are critical; teachers, leaders can articulate why they do what they do)
o Data represents real people
o Assessment data informs differentiated classroom instruction, with high expectations for all students
o Emotional connection to the data – the statistics represent real people – how to help each child meet their learning needs (p. xiii; 2)
o “The percentage means nothing; the number of students – the actual number of FACES is what matters. Every FACE counts to us!” (p. 17)
o “’Reach Every Student’ goal states that ‘all students will have access to differentiated instruction and assessment that is responsive to the unique needs of the learner to support students’ high achievement and learning for life’” (p. 26) (Simcoe County DSB)
o “every 1 percent increase in children reaching the standard in English or mathematics at age 11 represents 7,000 more children ready to succeed in secondary education; reduction in drug abuse represented so many family tragedies avoided” (p. xii)
Research Question 2: How do we put FACES on the data?o Driver 1: Assessment
o Clustered parameters for Driver 1:
(5) Early and on-going intervention
(6) Case management approach
(8) In-school grade/subject meetings
o Formative mid-unit assessment – check informal observations are accurate, guide students’ learning, inform teacher’s instruction – teachers need to be flexible and adaptable when students are not getting it (“Data today is instruction tomorrow” (p. 89)
o Fair, transparent, equitable for all students – “It is never the child’s fault!” (p. 88) – teachers are accountable
o Assessment FOR learning, assessment AS learning (High yeld assessment practice) – make learning goals and co-construct success criteria visible to students; teacher provides oral and written descriptive feedback; students peer and self assess; teachers self-assess based on data
o Students and teachers have common assessment language – teachers can develop and mark a common assessment to develop common and consistent practices
o “If the learning intentions [goals] and success criteria are transparent, then there is a higher likelihood that students will become engaged in reducing the gap between where they started and where we would like them to finish” (Hattie, 2012)
o 5 key questions for students: (1) What are you learning? (2) How are you doing? (3) How do you know? (4) How can you improve? (5) Where do you go for help?
o “When the cook tastes the soup it is formative and when the guests taste the soup it is summative” (Steve Sake, in Hattie (2012), p. 76)
o “Most significant variation is not from one school system to another or even from one school to another, but rather from one classroom to another” (p. 85)
o “Fairness in assessment and evaluation is grounded in the belief that all students should be able to demonstrate their learning, regardless of their socio-economic status, ethnicicty, gender, geographic location, learning style, and/or need for special services” (from Growing Success, p. 34)
Driver 2: Instruction
o Clustered parameters for Driver 2:
(3) Daily, sustained focus on literacy instruction
(2) Embedded literacy/literacy coaches
(6) Case management approach
(9) Centralized resources
(13) Cross-curricular connections
(11) Collaborative inquiry
o Tier 1: Good first teaching and classroom practice (meet needs of majority of students)
“No single instructional strategy is guaranteed to result in high levels of student learning” (p. 96)
Use gradual-release-of-responsibility teaching model: whole group, small group, independent approaches – modelled, shared, guided, independent
Questions: What am I teaching? Why am I teaching it? How will I teach it? How will I know when all students have learned it? What then?
Instructional Intelligence has 5 elements: positive interdependence, face-to-face interactions, individual accountability, some structured activity and social skills, and team-building and group processing skills
Rich, authentic task: higher-order thinking, student inquiry to construct knowledge, cross-curricular, applicable to real-world, spans categories of achievement chart
“Our most important gift to students will be to teach them how to continually learn and think critically as they go through five to eight different careers” (p. 111)
21st century literacy skills: read, write, speak, listen, view, represent, critical thinking, high-order thinking
Co-Teaching Cycle (most powerful way to improve teaching practice):
• co-teaching – with colleague, begin with curriculum expectations, write learning goals and success criteria, use high-yield instructional strategies differentiated based on student needs and assessment data
• co-planning – focus on students’ thinking, monitor student engagement, change flow and pace as needed
• co-debriefing – what worked, didn’t work, what to do differently
• co-reflecting – honest, open dialogue, plan next stpes based on formative assessment data
o Tier 2: Case management (focused on instruction of individual students)
Examine student work, describe strengths and weaknesses, identify 1-2 instructional strategies for teachers to use
o Tier 3: Early intervention (intensive instruction to directly support most struggling students)
Moral imperative is to catch students early before it is too late
Research Question 3: What leadership skills are needed? o Driver 3: Leadership
o Clustered parameters for Driver 3:
(4) Principal leadership
(7) professional learning at staff meetings
(10) Budget allocation to strategic resources
- Change process takes 2-3 years before seeing real change
- Principal is highly knowledge about curriculum, instruction, special education, visible in school through classroom walk-throughs – “Leadership is about causing positive movement in individuals, schools, and systems” (Fullan, 2010a)
- Top 3 leadership skills needed to put FACES on the data:
o 1. Know-ability: knowledge of assessment and instruction (focused leadership, nexus as core work)
Use classroom, school, and system data to monitor progress
Principal is lead learner and instructional leader (first change agent), model continuous learning, implementing school improvement plan
Principal provides environment for collaboration – expectation is teachers use data to inform instruction for every student every day
Provide differentiated professional learning opportunities for teachers
Principal uses classroom learning walks and talks to monitor expected classroom practices
o 2. Mobilize-ability: to inspire and mobilize others through clear communication of commitment
Pushing too hard never works
o 3. Sustain-ability: know how to establish a lasting culture of shared responsibility and accountability
Shared beliefs, goals, and vision
Distributive leadership and professional learning cultures
Data-based decisions/impact measures/celebrating success
Resources
School community/home relations
Research Question 4: Where does this happen?o Driver 4: Ownership
o Clustered parameters for Driver 4:
(12) Parent and community involvement
(14) Shared responsibility and accountability
o “With frequent interactions among school, families, and communities, more students are more likely to receive common messages from various people about the importance of school, of working hard, of thinking creatively, of helping one antoher, and of staying in school” (p. 193)
o Parents are students’ first and most important teachers
